DESCRIPTION
Atorvastatin belongs to the class of drugs called HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, more commonly known as statins. It is used to lower cholesterol, primarily LDL cholesterol or "bad" cholesterol, which is responsible for the development of arterial plaque leading to a heart attack or stroke.
Unlike other statins, atorvastatin can also reduce fat levels, another risk factor for heart disease. Statins prevent the liver from producing cholesterol by blocking the cholesterol production enzyme.
ORIGINAL USES (ON-LABEL)
Cardiovascular disease in high-risk patients; hyperlipidemias by reducing total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, apolipoprotein B, and triglycerides; homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia and heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia.
NEWLY DISCOVERED USES (OFF-LABEL)
Alzheimer's disease, membranous nephropathy.
POTENTIAL SIDE EFFECTS
Headache, chest pain, peripheral edema, insomnia, dizziness, rash, abdominal pain, constipation, diarrhea, upset stomach, urinary tract infection, increases in liver function tests, muscle aches, arthritis, back pain, sinusitis, sore throat, bronchitis, runny nose, infection, flu-like syndrome.
CAUTIONS
- Do not use this drug if you have active liver disease or if you have high levels of liver function tests.
- You should not consume large amounts of alcohol or have a history of liver disease if you want to use this drug.
- Your liver function should be monitored periodically during therapy.
- This drug can also cause severe muscles aches which are a symptom of a more serious disorder in which the muscle fibers break down. If this disorder progresses, decreases in kidney function may also occur. This risk is increased with concurrent use of drugs that increase atorvastatin levels.
DRUG INTERACTIONS
Azole antifungals,
ciprofloxacin,
clarithromycin, diclofenac,
doxycycline,
erythromycin, imatinib,
isoniazid, nefazodone, nicardipine, propofol, protease inhibitors, quinidine, and verapamil. Cyclosporine, clofibrate, fenofibrate, gemfibrozil, levothyroxine, digoxin, ethinyl estradiol, cholestyramine, and niacin.
FOOD INTERACTIONS
Grapefruit juice (greater than or equal to 1 quart/day) may increase toxicity.
HERBAL INTERACTIONS
St. John's wort
PREGNANCY AND BREAST-FEEDING CAUTIONS
FDA Pregnancy Risk Category X. Atorvastatin should not be used during breast-feeding.
SPECIAL INFORMATION
Before initiation of therapy with this drug, you should be placed on a standard cholesterol-lowering diet for six weeks and the diet should be continued during drug therapy. Report any signs of muscle pain, tenderness, or weakness to your doctor.
Laboratory evidence shows that the cholesterol-induced production of a neurotoxin may precipitate Alzheimer's disease (AD). Therefore, by reducing the production of cholesterol by using a cholesterol-lowering statin, the production of this neurotoxin may also decrease, potentially slowing the progression of AD.
In a clinical trial, patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease received atorvastatin calcium or placebo. The study found that reducing the circulation cholesterol levels improved measurements of AD compared with placebo.
However, this data, while encouraging, was not deemed statistically significant. Researchers believe the results of the study are promising, but additional clinical trials are needed to establish further the role of atorvastatin in treating Alzheimer's.
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Atorvastatin is a prescription drug that comes in 10 mg, 20 mg, 40 mg tablets.
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