Tremor involves a rhythmic, involuntary, oscillatory movement of body parts. A diagnosis of tremor disorders is made on careful evaluation of the patient's history and diagnostic tests. Tremors are classified as rest or action tremors. Rest tremors occur when the affected body part is completely supported against gravity. Examples of rest tremor include Parkinson’s disease or drug-induced tremors. Action tremors are the result of voluntary muscle contraction and include drug or alcohol withdrawal tremors. Tremor disorders include essential tremor and Parkinson’s disease.
Essential tremor is the most common movement disorder in the world, ranging from 4.1 to 39.2 cases per 1,000 persons younger than 60 years. The incidence and prevalence of essential tremor increases with age. In essential tremor the upper limbs, the head, lower limbs, voice, tongue, face, and trunk may be affected. Although essential tremor does not affect your survival, it can cause significant physical and psychosocial disability. People with essential tremor may have difficulty writing, drinking, eating, dressing, speaking, and completing other basic activities.
Commonly Prescribed (On-Label) Drugs: Propranolol
Off-Label Prescription Drugs Breakthrough Options: Botulinum Toxin Type A, Clonazepam, Gabapentin, Metoprolol, Nicardipine, Nimodipine, Primidone, Topiramate
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a chronic, progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by tremors, rigidity, slow movement, poor balance, and difficulty walking. In the United States, PD affects one to 1.5 million people, and is more prevalent in whites. It is caused by the degeneration of dopamine-producing nerve cells in the brain. Once dopamine production is depleted, the motor system nerves are unable to control movement and coordination. Secondary symptoms of PD include constipation, difficulty swallowing, loss of bladder control, and loss of intellectual capacity, among others.
Commonly Prescribed (On-Label) Drugs: Apomorphine, Bromocriptine, Entacapone, Ethopropazine, Levodopa, Levodopa/Carbidopa, Levodopa/Carbidopa/Entacapone, Pramipexole, Ropinirole, Selegiline, Tolcapone, Trihexyphenidyl
Off-Label Prescription Drugs Breakthrough Options: Clozapine, Gabapentin, Modafinil, Quetiapine, Zolpidem
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