Simple bone cysts are fluid-filled cavities in the bone. They occur most often in children and in the long bones of the arms or legs. The cause is not known, but the cysts are not related to cancer. A bone cyst may weaken the affected bone, increasing the risk of fracture. Bone cysts usually do not cause symptoms and are often discovered only after a fracture of the affected bone. They may also be detected incidentally on an x-ray done for some other reason.
Commonly Prescribed (On-Label) Drugs: None
Off-Label Prescription Drug Breakthrough Option: Calcitonin
Croup is an infection that causes the trachea (windpipe) and larynx (voice box) to swell. Usually part of a cold, croup causes fever, hoarseness, and a barking, hacking cough. It also may cause a crowing noise (called stridor) when the child breathes in through the narrowed windpipe. Croup usually lasts five to six days and symptoms most commonly occur in children one to three years old. Symptoms may be worse at night.
Commonly Prescribed (On-Label) Drugs: None
Off-Label Prescription Drug Breakthrough Option: Dexamethasone
Hemangiomas are tufts of extra blood vessels that commonly occur in children, usually on the surface of the skin (strawberry hemangiomas). Those that are deeper in the skin are sometimes called cavernous hemangiomas. Some are mixed strawberry and cavernous hemangiomas. Most children with hemangiomas have only one. Many have a few. Rarely, children have many, both on the skin and in the internal organs. Some have enough extra vascular tissue to cause anemia or platelet problems.
Commonly Prescribed (On-Label) Drugs: None
Off-Label Prescription Drugs Breakthrough Options: Imiquimod, Interferon Alpha 2A
There are three common types of lice: head lice, body lice, and pubic lice (also called crabs). Head lice infect the scalp hair and are easiest to see at the nape of the neck and over the ears. Tiny eggs can be seen on the hair, appearing much like flakes of dandruff, but stuck firmly to the hair shaft instead of flaking off of the scalp. Lice can also live on clothing, carpets, or bedding. Head lice are spread very easily and cause intense itching, but they do not lead to a serious medical problem. More common in close, overcrowded living conditions, lice also spread readily among school children.
Commonly Prescribed (On-Label) Drugs: Lindane, Malathion, Permethrin, Undecylenic Acid
Off-Label Prescription Drug Breakthrough Option: Ivermectin
Tachycardia is an abnormally rapid beating of the heart, defined as a resting heart rate of over 100 beats per minute. It can have harmful effects in two ways. First, when the heart beats too rapidly, it performs inefficiently (since there is not enough time for the ventricles to fill completely), causing blood flow and blood pressure to diminish. Second, it increases the work of the heart, causing it to require more oxygen while also reducing the blood flow to the cardiac muscle tissue, increasing the risk of ischemia and resultantly infarction.
Commonly Prescribed (On-Label) Drugs: None
Off-Label Prescription Drug Breakthrough Option: Magnesium Sulfate
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